Logika-Glosa-----A Logial Glosa Similar to Lojban

Logika-Glosa ——–A Logial Glosa Similar to Lojban Indication of the Ne= w Things to Glosa ——Improved by Li Zhenyu, Beijing, China, Nov 3-4, 201= 0

I=A1=AFve got a great idea for making Glosa absolutely accurate from rec= ently learning Lojban, which is absolutely the most logical isolating-langu= age beyond all languages–natural and artifical even including Esperanto, a= nd can do people-computer communication absolutely without ambiguities. Glo= sa, is also an obvious isolating language, due to all its words being of se= nmantic without grammatical suffixes like Esperanto’s or Mondlango’s, and l= acking enough STRUCTURAL WORDS like Lojbans, it has to use quite clear STRE= SS, PAUSE and CONTEXT(which Lojban never does so) for some degree of clarif= ication in grammatical or syntactical accuracy. But there are still some po= ssible ambiguities happening. I always think Glosa’s words are the essentia= ls of All European languages, but its syntax lacks many accurate and import= ant STRUCTURAL WORDS, thus causes ambiguities in several cases on its inacc= urate structure or some not so clear stress and pauses. So, I introduces so= me structural words nearly respectively to some of Lojban’s which are as be= low: Note: For indicating some respective grammatical forms, some given exa= mples in English or Mondlango probably aren=A1=AFt normal to reality.

[1= ]”zu”: (syntactically similar to “cu” of Lojban) signally indicates the fol= lowing frase a verb phrase, which starts from “zu” and ends before numerals= like “u(n)/plu, panto, oligo, bi, tri, kilo, 4582, qo-nume, etc.”, pronoun= s like “u-ci, plu-la, bi-ci, panto-la, mi, tu, an, u-fe, plu-na, qo, qo-pe,= u/plu-qo-pe(whose), (u)/plu qo-pe bibli(whose book(s)), qo-lo etc.” and pr= oper nouns like “Glosa, Lojban, Mondlango, Cina, Beijing, Tom, Wendy, etc”.=

Note:Therefore, all numerals, pronouns and proper nouns signally show a = noun phrase starting.

[2]”hei”: (syntactically similar to “ko” of Lojban)= signally indicates the following frase a imperative verb phrase, which sta= rts from “hei” and ends before numerals like “u(n)/plu, panto, oligo, bi, t= ri, kilo, 4582, qo-nume, etc.”, pronouns like “u-ci, plu-la, bi-ci, panto-l= a, mi, tu, an, u-fe, plu-na, qo, qo-pe, u/plu-qo-pe(whose), (u)/plu qo-pe b= ibli(whose book(s)), qo-lo etc.” and proper nouns like “Glosa, Lojban, Mond= lango, Cina, Beijing, Tom, Wendy, etc”.

Note: I ever used =A1=B0he=A1=B1 = for =A1=B0hei=A1=B1 but which is not clear in voice, when it comes after a = word with the final sylable =A1=B0-e=A1=B1. Ex: =A1=B0Fe he=A1=B1, like =A1= =B0Fe e=A1=B1. =A1=B0fe hei=A1=AD.=A1=B1

[3]Punctuation letters—simulat= ed from Lojban (1)***j=3D”,”, “;” indicates a pause that isolates from the = following word and doesn’t modify it. Ex: monj bij trij=3Done, two three = Comparing: mon-bi-tri=3Done hundred twenty three

(2)***v=3D”.”,”!”,”?”= indicates an end of a sentence that isolates from the following word of t= he next sentence. Ex: monj biv triv=3D One, two. Three. fe zu numera monj= biv tri bibliv =3D She counts one, two. Three books. mi zu amo muj patriv= =3D I like them, father. Old: Mi amo mu, patri! mi zu amo mu patriv=3D I= like their father. Old: Mi amo mu patri. mi zu amo u-muj patriv=3D I li= ke theirs, father. Old: Mi amo u-mu, patri. mi zu amo plu-muj patriv=3D = I like theirs(plural), father. Old: Mi amo plu-mu, patri.

(3)jijjij = =3D quotation mark =A1=B0=A1=B1, jojjoj =3D inverted commas =A1= =AE=A1=AF ( jijjiv, jojjov for the place of a whole sentence stop= .) Ex: (u) fe freqe dice jij ne jij zu es boniv =3D her frequent saying = =A1=B0Not=A1=B1 is good. (u) fe freqe dice ne (zu) es boniv/ fe freqe = dice (zu) ne es boniv =3D Her frequent saying is not good. (u) fe freqe dic= e jij ne dice joj ne joj in freqe jij zu es boniv =3D her frequent saying = =A1=B0 Not saying =A1=AENot=A1=AF freqently=A1=B1 is good. Note: the functi= on-letter forms above run like some respective structural words of Lojban. = “***j” may be elided when meeting a following “e”. All Logial-Glosa’s sente= nces may be not capitalized except proper nouns such as Glosa, Lojban, Mond= lango, Cina, Beijing, Tom, Wendy, etc., and its punctuations may be exchang= ed with punctuation letters wholy like the shape of Lojban. If you hate to = see those letters suffixed to words, you may use clear STRESS and PAUSE and= put punctuation in place of them, meanwhile capitalize those letters in fi= rst words of sentences wholy like common Euro-languages. Ex: Mon, bi. Tri.= =3Dmonj biv triv =3D One, two. Three. Fe zu numera mon, bi. Tri bibli.=3D = fe zu numera monj biv tri bibliv =3D She counts one, two. Three books.

(4= )New affixes distinguishing the same forms of different meanings from old o= nes (ever offered in my Neoglosa) -ro/ro-=3D(-an/an-), -gi/gi-=3D(-fe/fe-),= pu =3D (pe), -ri=3D(-ma), -ca=3D(-ka), -ti=3D(-te), mon=3D(mo, =A1=B0one= =A1=B1), num(nume,numera)=3Dnume (numera), da=3D(de,=A1=B1than=A1=B1), dei= =3D(de, =A1=B0about=A1=B1)

Ex: =A1=B0[***]=A1=B1 are Mondlango zu kanta= u kanta =3D to sing a song [kanti kanto] zu nu kanta u kanta =3D to sing a= song now [nun/esante kanti kanto] zu pa kanta u kanta =3D to sing a song i= n the past [esinte kanti kanto] zu fu kanta u kanta =3D to sing a song in t= he future [esonte kanti kanto] hei kanta u kanta =3D Sing a song! [kantez k= anto!] sio kanta u kanta =3D would sing a song [kantuz kanto]

ne (zu) kant= a u kanta / (zu) ne kanta u kanta =3D not to sing a song [ne kanti kanto] = ne (zu) nu kanta u kanta / (zu) ne nu kanta u kanta =3D not to sing a s= ong now [ne nun/esante kanti kanto] ne (zu) pa kanta u kanta / (zu) ne pa k= anta u kanta =3D not to sing a song in the past [ne esinte kanti kanto] ne = (zu) fu kanta u kanta / (zu) ne fu kanta u kanta =3D not to sing a song in = the future [ne esonte kanti kanto] ne hei kanta u kanta / hei ne kanta u ka= nta =3D Don’t sing a song! [ne kantez kanto] ne sio kanta u kanta / sio ne = kanta u kanta =3D would sing a song [ne kantuz kanto]

qe zu kanta u kanta = =3D to sing a song? [cu kanti kanto?] qe zu nu kanta u kanta =3D to si= ng a song now? [cu nun/esante kanti kanto?] qe zu pa kanta u kanta =3D to s= ing a song in the past? [cu esinte kanti kanto?] qe zu fu kanta u kanta =3D= to sing a song in the future? [cu esonte kanti kanto?] (*qe hei kanta u ka= nta =3D sing a song? [cu kantez kanto?]) qe sio kanta u kanta =3D would sin= g a song? [cu kantuz kanto?]

qe ne (zu) kanta u kanta / qe (zu) ne kanta u= kanta=3D not to sing a song? [cu ne kanti kanto?] qe ne (zu) nu kanta u ka= nta / qe (zu) ne nu kanta u kanta =3D not to sing a song now? [ne nun/esant= e kanti kanto] qe ne (zu) pa kanta u kanta / qe (zu) ne pa kanta u kanta = =3D not to sing a song in the past? [ne esinte kanti kanto] qe ne (zu) fu k= anta u kanta / qe (zu) ne fu kanta u kanta =3D not to sing a song in the fu= ture? [ne esonte kanti kanto] qe ne hei kanta u kanta / qe hei ne kanta u k= anta=3D Don’t sing a song? [cu ne kantez kanto?] qe ne sio kanta u kanta / = qe sio ne kanta u kanta=3D would sing a song? [cu ne kantuz kanto?]

Note: = “ne” may be precede or follow “zu”, “hei” and “sio” adhesively. The “(zu)” = above may be elided for “ne” impossibly becomes a noun joining its preceden= t noun phrase Ex: (u) fe freqe dice ne es boni. Her freqent saying is not = good. (u) fe freqe dice jij ne jij zu es boni. Her freqent saying “not” is = not good.

fe zu kanta=3Dshe sings [xi kanti] fe zu nu kanta=3D she now sin= gs [xi kantan] fe zu pa kanta=3D she sang [Mi kantin] fe zu fu kanta=3D she= will sing [xi kanton] Tu hei kanta=3D You, sing![Yi kantez!] Tu sio kanta= =3D You would sing![Yi kantuz]

fe ne (zu) kanta=3D she sing [xi kanti] fe = ne zu nu kanta=3D she now sing [xi kantan] fe ne zu pa kanta=3D she sang [x= i kantin] fe ne zu fu kanta=3D she sang [xi kanton] Tu ne hei kanta=3D You,= sing![Yi kantez!] Tu ne sio kanta=3D You would sing![Yi kantuz]

mon-bi-tr= i=3Done hundred twenty three monj bij trij=3Done, two, three, (u)/plu kanta= =3D a song, songs; the song, the songs. mon kanta=3D one song. mon-ci kanta= =3D this one song. bi-la kanta=3Dthose two songs. tri-ci=3D these three (on= es). tri-ci zu pa ki=3D These three went. tetra-fe=3D her four (ones). pan= to-la- all those (ones). panto-la zu ki.=3D All those go.
panto-na=3D all= ours; panto ex na zu fu ki=3D All of us will go; panto-na zu ki=3D All ou= rs will go. panto fe kanta=3D all her songs. penta an kanta=3D his five son= gs. sixa fe kanta-ra=3D his six singsings. oligo an kanta-ri=3D his several= singsing materials mon ra=3D one thing, ra mon=3D thing one, first thing = u kanta mon=3D the first song u/plu fe kanta=3D her song, her songs u fe ka= nta tri=3D her third song plu fe kanta tri=3D her third songs u mi este bi = kron tri=3D my second (time’s) third feeling bi mi kron este tri=3D my two-= time’s third feelings bi mi kron=3D my two times *kanta-ra=3Dsinging (Or:ka= nta=3Dsinging ?) *u/plu fe kanta-ra=3D her singing, her singings (Or:fe ka= nta=3D her singing, No plural?) *(u)/plu qo-pe kanta=3D whose song, whose = songs (plu) qo-num ri=3D How many materials

zu dona ad an plu ami…=3D To= give (to) him friends… Origal: Dona ad an plu ami…=3DTo give him frie= nds…/To give (to) his friends… zu dona a plu an ami…=3D To give (to)= his friends… Origal: Dona ad an plu ami…=3DTo give him friends…/To = give (to) his friends…. zu dona ad an bi ami…=3D To give (to) him two f= riends… Origal: Dona ad an bi ami…=3DTo give him two friends…/To giv= e (to) his two friends… zu dona a bi an ami…=3D To Give (to) his two f= riends… Origal: Dona ad an bi ami…=3DTo give him two friends…/To giv= e (to) his two friends…

Note: Here, we can see why all “u(n)/plu” are p= ut at the frontmost place in a noun frase, just for avoiding the ambiguitie= s above. If some other numerals in place of =A1=B0u(n)/plu=A1=B1 cause some= kind of complication, I=A1=AFd rather use =A1=B0u(n)/plu=A1=B1 in front of= other numerals like =A1=B0panto, oligo, mero, etc.=A1=B1. Ex: plu panto bi= bli, u mo feli. Thus =A1=B0u(n)/plu=A1=B1 runs like a symbol of noun phrase= . Normally a word preceded by a numeral means it being a noun. Just leave i= t for discussion!

boni=3Dgood (adj). Ex: fe zu es boni=3D She is good. i= n boni/in-boni=3D well (adv). Ex: fe zu es in boni=3D She is well. boni-ra= =3Dgoodness an zu kanta (in) boniv / an zu boni kanta =3D He sings well. na= zu habe mero

Sentence Examples : mi zu volu es boniv =3D I will be good. = Origal: Mi volu es boni. (u) mi volu zu es boniv =3D My will is good. O= rigal: Mi volu es boni. u mi e fe volu zu es boniv =3D My and her will are = good. Origal: Mi e fe volu es boni. plu mi e fe volu zu es boniv =3D My = and her wills are good. Origal: Mi e fe plu volu es boni. mi e plu fe vo= lu zu es boniv =3D I and her wills are good. Origal: Mi e fe plu volu es= boni. U-mi e u fe volu zu es boniv =3D Mine and her will are good. Orig= al: U-mi e fe volu es boni. u-mi e fe zu es boniv =3D Mine and she are good= . Origal: U-mi e fe es boni. mi e u-fe zu volu es boniv =3D I and hers a= re good. Origal: Mi e u-fe volu es boni.()

SENTENCES=A1=AF LENGTH COMPA= RISON AMONG FOUR LANGUAGES Example 1 Logika-Glosa: mi patrij un-fej an ami= j bi fe ro-sibi e plu doci-pe zu auxi pu in plu mu landa e u-nav (“u-na” in= dicates “singular country”) Glosa: Mi patri, un-fe, an ami, fe bi an-sibi = e plu doci-pe auxi pe in mu plu landa e u-na. Mondlango: Mia patro, xias, h= ia amiko, xia bi fratulo ay edukoros helpi oni in lua landos ay muas. Engli= sh: My father, hers, his friend, her two bothers and the teachers help peop= le in their countries and ours.

Example 2 Logika-Glosa: mi zu spej Logik= a-Glosa zu reali es u maxi exakti linguav u-ci lingua zu kombina panto orig= i Glosa lexi e oligo exakti Lojban konceptiv.
Glosa: Mi spe; Logika-Glosa= reali es u maxi exakti lingua. U-ci lingua kombina panto origi Glosa lexi = e oligo exakti Lojban koncepti. Mondlango: Mi hopan ke Logika-Glosa reale= esan la most egzakta lango. Ci tiu lango kombinan ciu originala Glosa word= os ay kelka egzakta Lojban konceptos. English: I hope, Logika-Glosa reall= y is the most exact language. This language combines all Glosa original wor= ds and some Lojban=A1=AFs exact concepts. Note: All the “(u)”s above may be= elided.

Finally, I want to say, there are perhaps still some words=A1= =AF forms or places that should furthermore be revised or adjusted. However= it=A1=AFs a good direction for an isolating language to get more logical a= nd accurate. Logika-Glosa doesn=A1=AFt need STRESS and PAUSES for accuracy = in voice.

Though I improved Glosa for versions, I still love Ur-Glosa!

M= ore comments are welcome!

Saluta! Li Zhenyu Nov 3=A1=AA4, 2010